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Voltage Drop Calculator per AS/NZS 3008.1.1:2017 for Residential Installations

AS/NZS 3008.1.1:20172017Residential Installations

AS/NZS 3008.1.1:2017 Clause 4.4.3 limits voltage drop to 5% of nominal voltage from the point of supply to the furthest point of utilisation in residential installations. Table 25 provides mV/A/m values for copper conductors and Table 26 for aluminium. For 230 V single-phase domestic supplies, the maximum permissible drop is 11.5 V.

Quick Reference Table

AS/NZS 3008.1.1:2017 Voltage Drop — ResidentialAS/NZS 3008.1.1:2017 (2017)
ParameterValue / RequirementClause Reference
Maximum voltage drop5% of nominal voltage (11.5 V at 230 V)Clause 4.4.3
mV/A/m copper conductorsTabulated per CSA at 75°C conductor temperatureTable 25
mV/A/m aluminium conductorsTabulated per CSA at 75°C conductor temperatureTable 26
Three-phase correctionMultiply single-phase mV/A/m by 0.866Table 42

How to Calculate Voltage Drop for Residential Installations

  1. 1

    Confirm supply voltage and drop limit

    For residential installations, the nominal supply is 230 V single-phase (or 400 V three-phase in larger homes). The maximum permissible voltage drop is 5% per Clause 4.4.3, giving 11.5 V for a 230 V supply.

  2. 2

    Determine circuit design current

    Calculate the maximum demand current for the circuit. For domestic circuits, AS/NZS 3000 Table C1 provides typical demand values — for example, a power point circuit protected by a 20 A circuit breaker has a design current up to 20 A.

  3. 3

    Measure cable route length

    Measure the cable route length from the switchboard to the furthest outlet. Include all vertical drops, horizontal runs through the roof space, and any deviations around obstacles. In Australian residential construction, roof space runs can add significant length.

  4. 4

    Look up mV/A/m from Table 25

    For copper conductors (standard for residential), find the mV/A/m value in Table 25 for the selected conductor size. For 2.5 mm² V-75 copper, the single-phase mV/A/m value is approximately 17.8 mV/A/m.

  5. 5

    Calculate and verify voltage drop

    Compute VD = (mV/A/m × Ib × L) / 1000. Compare against 11.5 V (5% of 230 V). If exceeded, increase conductor size to the next standard size and recalculate. Document the final cable size, route length, and calculated voltage drop.

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BS 7671 vs AS/NZS 3008 Cable Sizing Comparison

ParameterBS 7671AS/NZS 3008
RegionUnited KingdomAustralia & New Zealand
Voltage drop limit3% lighting / 5% other5% general (AS/NZS 3000 Table C7)
Reference ambient temp30°C air40°C air (Table 22)
Ampacity tablesAppendix 4 Tables 4D1A–4J4ATables 13–20 (by method)
Derating tablesCa, Cg, Ci, Cc factorsTables 22, 24, 25, 26 factors
Soil temp reference20°C25°C (Table 25)

Frequently Asked Questions

AS/NZS 3008.1.1:2017 Clause 4.4.3 sets a maximum voltage drop of 5% from the point of supply to any point of utilisation. At the standard 230 V nominal supply voltage, this equates to 11.5 V maximum. This limit applies to the entire run from the switchboard to the furthest outlet or load — there is no separate sub-circuit budget as some international standards allow.
Use Table 25 for copper conductors and Table 26 for aluminium conductors. These tables provide mV/A/m values at 75°C maximum conductor operating temperature for various cable sizes and installation conditions. For three-phase circuits, apply the correction factor from Table 42 (multiply the single-phase value by 0.866).
The 5% limit in Clause 4.4.3 is measured from the point of supply, which for most residential installations is the main switchboard. The voltage drop in the service line from the distribution transformer to the switchboard is the responsibility of the electricity distributor and is separate from the consumer's installation voltage drop calculation.

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