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Cable Sizing Calculator per BS 7671 for Solar PV Systems

BS 767118th Edition + Amendment 2:2022Solar PV Systems

Cable sizing for BS 7671 solar PV systems follows Section 712 requirements, selecting DC string and main cables to carry 1.25 times Isc per Regulation 712.433.1, applying roof-space temperature derating from Table 4B1 for ambient temperatures up to 60 °C, and verifying voltage drop to minimise DC power losses across the array.

Quick Reference Table

BS 7671 Solar PV Cable Sizing ReferencesBS 7671 (18th Edition + Amendment 2:2022)
ParameterValue / RequirementClause Reference
PV cable sizing current1.25 × Isc for string and array cablesRegulation 712.433.1
Roof-space temperature correctionAmbient up to 60 °C in roof voidsTable 4B1
DC cable current ratingsSingle-core PV cable clipped in free airTable 4D1A, Method C
Voltage drop on DC sideMinimise losses — industry target < 3%Appendix 4
RCD requirements for PV ACType B RCD for inverters with DC fault currentRegulation 712.411.3.2.1

How to Calculate Cable Sizing for Solar PV Systems

  1. 1

    Calculate the PV string current

    Determine the short-circuit current (Isc) of the PV string from module datasheets and multiply by 1.25 per Regulation 712.433.1 to get the design current for DC cables.

  2. 2

    Assess roof-space ambient temperature

    Measure or estimate the maximum temperature in the roof void or behind the PV array. Temperatures can reach 55-65 °C in summer, requiring significant derating from Table 4B1.

  3. 3

    Select DC cable size

    Choose solar-rated (H1Z2Z2-K) cable with a current rating that exceeds the derated design current. Typical residential PV strings use 4 mm² or 6 mm² DC cable.

  4. 4

    Check DC voltage drop

    Calculate the total DC cable voltage drop from modules to inverter. Keep total drop below 3% to avoid significant energy yield losses over the system lifetime.

  5. 5

    Size the AC cable from inverter to consumer unit

    Size the AC output cable per standard BS 7671 methods using the inverter's maximum AC output current as the design current, applying normal derating factors.

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BS 7671 vs IEC 60364 Cable Sizing Comparison

ParameterBS 7671IEC 60364
ScopeUK & derivativesInternational (adopted by 60+ countries)
Voltage drop limit3% lighting / 5% other4% lighting / 5% other (typical)
Reference ambient temp30°C (air), 20°C (ground)30°C (air), 20°C (ground)
Installation methodsReference Methods A-G (Appendix 4)Reference Methods A-G (Table B.52.1)
Grouping factorsTable C.3 (BS specific)Table B.52.17 (international)
Disconnection time (230V)0.4s final / 5s distribution0.4s final / 5s distribution

Frequently Asked Questions

Regulation 712.433.1 requires PV string cables to carry 1.25 times the short-circuit current because PV modules can produce higher-than-STC output under enhanced irradiance conditions (cloud edge effect). This safety margin ensures cables are never overloaded even at peak generation.
Cables routed behind PV panels or in roof voids can experience ambient temperatures of 55-65 °C in UK summers. BS 7671 Table 4B1 provides correction factors — at 60 °C for 90 °C XLPE cable the factor is 0.50, effectively halving the cable's rated capacity.
Regulation 712.411.3.2.1 requires that where PV inverters do not provide galvanic isolation (transformerless inverters), the AC side must be protected by a Type B RCD to detect smooth DC fault currents. Many modern inverters include internal RCMU as an alternative.

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